deliberate ♦︎ intended ♦︎ conscious ♦︎ intentional ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ calculated ♦︎ premeditated ♦︎ purposefulThese words all describe an action which is done on purpose, is planned in advance or aims to achieve sth.这些词均表示某个行为是故意的、事先计划好的或有目的的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a deliberate / a conscious / an intentional / a wilful / a calculated / a premeditated / a purposeful act◆a deliberate / an intended / a conscious / an intentional / a calculated / a purposeful action◆deliberate / conscious / wilful neglect◆deliberate / intentional / wilful cruelty◆deliberate / conscious / calculated attempts / manipulation■deliberatedone on purpose rather than by accident蓄意的;故意的;存心的◆The speech was a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.该发言蓄意使政府难堪。◆The emphasis on Europe was quite deliberate.对欧洲的强调是故意而为。OPPaccidental ⇨ accident▸deliberately
adverb
◆She was accused of deliberately misleading Parliament.她被指控蓄意误导议会。◆Her tone was deliberately insulting.她的语气带有故意侮辱的意味。OPPaccidentally ⇨ accident■intended [only before noun] that you are trying to achieve or reach意欲达到的;预期的;预定的◆The bullet missed its intended target.子弹没有击中预定目标。◆The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable.选这些人下手是因为他们看起来容易得手。OPPunintended ⇨ unconscious see also intend ⇨ intend■conscious(of actions or feelings) deliberate or controlled, with the person doing it being fully aware of what they are doing(行为或感情)有意的,刻意的,慎重的◆She made a conscious decision to spend more time with her family.她着意要多花些时间与家人相处。◆I made a conscious effort to get there on time.我刻意要让自己准时到达那里。OPPunconscious,subconscious ⇨ unconscious▸consciously
adverb
◆I never really consciously set out to be a war photographer.我从未真正刻意想做一名战地摄影师。◆Whether consciously or unconsciously, you made a choice.不管有意还是无意,你已经作出了选择。OPPunconsciously ⇨ unconscious■intentional (ratherformal) deliberate蓄意的;故意的;存心的◆I'm sorry I left you off the list-it wasn't intentional.很抱歉没有把你列入名单,我不是有意的。◆She felt she was a victim of intentional discrimination.她觉得自己遭到蓄意歧视。OPPunintentional ⇨ unconscious▸intentionally
adverb
◆He'd never intentionally hurt anyone.他从来没有故意伤害任何人。◆Intentionally or not, police procedures may be biased.不管故意与否,警方的办案程序可能有成见。OPPunintentionally ⇨ unconsciousNOTE辨析 Deliberate or intentional?There is no real difference in meaning between these words, but intentional is less frequent and more formal and has a narrower range of collocates.这两个词在含义上没有实质差别,但intentional使用频率较低,更为正式,搭配范围也更窄一些。■wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usuallywillful) [usually before noun] (formal, disapprovingorlaw法律) (of a bad or harmful action) done on purpose, even though the person doing it knows that it is wrong(不好或有害的行为)故意的,有意的,成心的◆He was charged with wilful damage to property.他被控犯了蓄意破坏财产罪。▸wilfully
adverb
◆They were charged with wilfully neglecting their children.他们被指控故意对孩子疏于照管。■calculated [usually before noun] carefully planned to get what you want精心策划的;蓄意的◆It was either a ridiculous mistake or a calculated insult.这不是愚蠢错误就是蓄意侮辱。◆He took a calculated risk(= a risk that you decide is worth taking even though you know it might have bad results).他甘冒风险,因为他觉得值。ⓘ Calculated is often used to talk about sth a person does that deliberately causes harm to others. * calculated常用来表示故意做伤害别人的事情。■premeditated ˌpriːˈmedɪteɪtɪd (oftendisapproving) (of a crime or bad action) planned in advance(犯罪或不良行为)事先策划的,预谋的◆The killing had not been premeditated.这次杀人并非是预谋的。◆This was a callous, premeditated attack on a defenceless young man.这是对一个手无寸铁的青年的蓄意残害。OPPunpremeditatedⓘ Unpremeditated crimes are not planned in advance. * unpremeditated表示所指的犯罪并非预谋的、非事先策划的。■purposefulacting with a clear aim and with determination有目的的;坚毅的;果断的◆She looked purposeful and determined.她看上去胸有成竹,意志坚定。◆He approached each task in the same purposeful manner.他以同样坚定的态度应对每一项任务。▸purposefully
adverb
◆Edward strode purposefully towards the door.爱德华迈着坚定的步伐朝门口走去。