deliberate ♦︎ intended ♦︎ conscious ♦︎ intentional ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ calculated ♦︎ premeditated ♦︎ purposefulThese words all describe an action which is done on purpose, is planned in advance or aims to achieve sth.這些詞均表示某個行爲是故意的、事先計劃好的或有目的的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a deliberate / a conscious / an intentional / a wilful / a calculated / a premeditated / a purposeful act◆a deliberate / an intended / a conscious / an intentional / a calculated / a purposeful action◆deliberate / conscious / wilful neglect◆deliberate / intentional / wilful cruelty◆deliberate / conscious / calculated attempts / manipulation■deliberatedone on purpose rather than by accident蓄意的;故意的;存心的◆The speech was a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.該發言蓄意使政府難堪。◆The emphasis on Europe was quite deliberate.對歐洲的強調是故意而爲。OPPaccidental ⇨ accident▸deliberately
adverb
◆She was accused of deliberately misleading Parliament.她被指控蓄意誤導議會。◆Her tone was deliberately insulting.她的語氣帶有故意侮辱的意味。OPPaccidentally ⇨ accident■intended [only before noun] that you are trying to achieve or reach意欲達到的;預期的;預定的◆The bullet missed its intended target.子彈沒有擊中預定目標。◆The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable.選這些人下手是因爲他們看起來容易得手。OPPunintended ⇨ unconscious see also intend ⇨ intend■conscious(of actions or feelings) deliberate or controlled, with the person doing it being fully aware of what they are doing(行爲或感情)有意的,刻意的,慎重的◆She made a conscious decision to spend more time with her family.她着意要多花些時間與家人相處。◆I made a conscious effort to get there on time.我刻意要讓自己準時到達那裏。OPPunconscious,subconscious ⇨ unconscious▸consciously
adverb
◆I never really consciously set out to be a war photographer.我從未真正刻意想做一名戰地攝影師。◆Whether consciously or unconsciously, you made a choice.不管有意還是無意,你已經作出了選擇。OPPunconsciously ⇨ unconscious■intentional (ratherformal) deliberate蓄意的;故意的;存心的◆I'm sorry I left you off the list-it wasn't intentional.很抱歉沒有把你列入名單,我不是有意的。◆She felt she was a victim of intentional discrimination.她覺得自己遭到蓄意歧視。OPPunintentional ⇨ unconscious▸intentionally
adverb
◆He'd never intentionally hurt anyone.他從來沒有故意傷害任何人。◆Intentionally or not, police procedures may be biased.不管故意與否,警方的辦案程序可能有成見。OPPunintentionally ⇨ unconsciousNOTE辨析 Deliberate or intentional?There is no real difference in meaning between these words, but intentional is less frequent and more formal and has a narrower range of collocates.這兩個詞在含義上沒有實質差别,但intentional使用頻率較低,更爲正式,搭配範圍也更窄一些。■wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usuallywillful) [usually before noun] (formal, disapprovingorlaw法律) (of a bad or harmful action) done on purpose, even though the person doing it knows that it is wrong(不好或有害的行爲)故意的,有意的,成心的◆He was charged with wilful damage to property.他被控犯了蓄意破壞財産罪。▸wilfully
adverb
◆They were charged with wilfully neglecting their children.他們被指控故意對孩子疏於照管。■calculated [usually before noun] carefully planned to get what you want精心策劃的;蓄意的◆It was either a ridiculous mistake or a calculated insult.這不是愚蠢錯誤就是蓄意侮辱。◆He took a calculated risk(= a risk that you decide is worth taking even though you know it might have bad results).他甘冒風險,因爲他覺得值。ⓘ Calculated is often used to talk about sth a person does that deliberately causes harm to others. * calculated常用來表示故意做傷害别人的事情。■premeditated ˌpriːˈmedɪteɪtɪd (oftendisapproving) (of a crime or bad action) planned in advance(犯罪或不良行爲)事先策劃的,預謀的◆The killing had not been premeditated.這次殺人並非是預謀的。◆This was a callous, premeditated attack on a defenceless young man.這是對一個手無寸鐵的青年的蓄意殘害。OPPunpremeditatedⓘ Unpremeditated crimes are not planned in advance. * unpremeditated表示所指的犯罪並非預謀的、非事先策劃的。■purposefulacting with a clear aim and with determination有目的的;堅毅的;果斷的◆She looked purposeful and determined.她看上去胸有成竹,意志堅定。◆He approached each task in the same purposeful manner.他以同樣堅定的態度應對每一項任務。▸purposefully
adverb
◆Edward strode purposefully towards the door.愛德華邁着堅定的步伐朝門口走去。