- [countable]
either of the two parts of the body between the top of each arm and the neck 肩；肩膀；肩胛 
your left/right shoulder 你的左肩/右肩 a tall man with broad shoulders 肩膀宽阔的高个子男人 - over somebody's shoulder
He slung the bag over his shoulder. 他把包一甩，挎在肩上。 He looked back over his shoulder. 他扭头朝后看。 - on somebody's shoulder
He carried the child on his shoulders. 他把孩子扛在肩上。 I put a hand on her shoulder to stop her. 我把手放在她的肩膀上阻止她。 She tapped him on the shoulder. 她拍了拍他的肩膀。 - around somebody's shoulder
He put an arm around her shoulders and pulled her close. 他搂着她的肩膀，把她拉近。 She shrugged her shoulders (= showing that she didn't know or care). 她耸了耸肩。 an off-the-shoulder dress (= that does not cover the shoulders) 露肩连衣裙 a shoulder injury 肩膀受伤 I have to have shoulder surgery. 我得做肩部手术。
Collocations Physical appearancePhysical appearance 外貌 - A person may be described as having:
描述一个人的长相可用 have 一词：
Eyes 眼睛 - (bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes
（明亮的）蓝／绿／（深／浅）棕色／浅绿褐色眼睛 - deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes
凹陷的／凸出的眼睛 - small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/(informal) shifty eyes
- piercing/penetrating/steely eyes
敏锐的／锐利的眼睛；冷冰冰的眼神 - bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes
布满血丝的／水汪汪的／肿胀的眼睛 - bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows
浓密的／扬起的／弓形的眉毛 - long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes
长长的／浓密的／弯曲的／假的眼睫毛
Face 脸 - a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose
塌／蒜头／尖头／尖／短平而上翘的鼻子 - a straight/a hooked/a Roman/(formal) an aquiline nose
挺直的鼻子；鹰钩鼻；高鼻梁；鹰钩鼻 - full/thick/thin/pouty lips
丰满的／厚／薄／翘嘴唇 - dry/chapped/cracked lips
干的／皲裂的／干裂的嘴唇 - flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks
发红的／红润的／苍白的面颊 - soft/chubby/sunken cheeks
柔嫩的／胖乎乎的／凹陷的面颊 - white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth
洁白的／完好无缺的／参差不齐的／凸出来的牙齿 - a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead
大大的／高高的／宽大的／后倾的前额 - a strong/weak/pointed/double chin
硬朗的／瘦削的／尖／双下巴 - a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard
长／大／浓密的／一小撮／山羊胡子 - a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache
长长的／稀疏的／浓密的／耷拉着的／翘／细直的八字胡
Hair and skin 头发和皮肤 - pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin
苍白的／白皙的／橄榄色的／黝黑的／晒黑的皮肤 - dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin
干性的／油性的／光滑的／粗糙的／有皱纹的皮肤 - a dark/pale/light/sallow/ruddy/olive/swarthy/clear complexion
黝黑的／苍白的／白皙的／蜡黄的／红润的／浅褐色的／黝黑的／无瑕的面容 - deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles
深深的／细小的／小的／面部的皱纹 - blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/(British English) ginger/grey hair
- straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair
直发；鬈发；波浪形的／鬈曲的／刺猬式的头发 - thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair
厚密的／稀疏的／纤细的／浓密的／逐渐稀少的头发 - dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair
染了色的／漂白了的／柔顺的／丝滑的／干性的／油性的／有光泽的头发 - long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair
长／短／齐肩／剪短了的头发 - a bald/balding/shaved head
秃头；开始秃顶的头；剃光了的头 - a receding hairline
后移的发际线 - a bald patch/spot
秃了的一块 - a side/centre(British English) parting
偏分；中分
Body 身体 - a long/short/thick/slender/(disapproving) scrawny neck
- broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders
宽／窄／斜／圆／耸肩膀 - a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest
赤裸的／宽阔的／肌肉发达的胸膛；小胸；大胸 - a flat/swollen/bulging stomach
扁平的／鼓胀的／鼓起的肚子 - a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist
纤细的／28英寸的腰 - big/wide/narrow/slim hips
大的／宽的／窄小的／苗条的臀部 - a straight/bent/arched/broad/hairy back
直的／弯曲的／弓着的／宽大的／多毛的背部 - thin/slender/muscular arms
瘦削的／细长的／肌肉发达的臂膀 - big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands
大的／小的／修剪整齐的／有老茧的／戴着手套的手 - long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers
长的／短的／粗的／细长的／纤细的／瘦削的手指 - long/muscular/hairy/shapely/(both informal, often disapproving) skinny/spindly legs
- muscular/chubby/(informal, disapproving) flabby thighs
肌肉发达的／胖乎乎的／肥胖的大腿 - big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet
大的／小的／娇小可爱的／宽的／窄的／光着的脚 - a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure
好的／修长的／苗条的／沙漏形身材 - be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stocky build
有着苗条的／中等的／普通的／大块头的／健壮的／矮壮的身材
Extra ExamplesTopics Bodya2He hunched his shoulders against the cold wind. 他耸起肩膀抵御寒风。 Her shoulders lifted in a vague shrug. 她微微耸了耸肩。 His broad shoulders heaved with sobs. 他宽阔的肩膀因啜泣而上下起伏。 His frozen shoulder has stopped him from playing tennis. 冷冻肩使他没法打网球了。 In an aggressive situation, we stand tall and square our shoulders. 进攻的时候，要站直身子，挺直肩膀。 Inhale, drop your shoulders and raise your chest. 吸气，肩膀放松，挺胸。 Keep the feet shoulder width apart. 双脚保持与肩同宽。 My shoulders dropped with relief. 我松了口气，绷紧的肩膀也放松下来。 Roll your shoulders forward and take a deep breath. 肩膀朝前转动，深呼吸。 She was crouched with her head forward and her shoulders bent. 她低头弓背蹲着。 The child sat on her father's shoulders to watch the parade go by. 孩子骑在她爸爸肩上观看游行队伍经过。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- broad
- huge
- muscled
- …
- shrug
- hunch
- drop
- …
- be bent
- be bowed
- be stooped
- …
- on somebody’s shoulders
(in adjectives 构成形容词 having the type of shoulders mentioned …肩膀的 broad-shouldered 宽肩的
- [countable]
the part of a piece of clothing that covers the shoulder （衣服的）肩部 a jacket with padded shoulders 带垫肩的夹克 There was snow on the shoulders of his heavy black coat. 他黑色厚外套的肩部有雪。
- [uncountable, countable] shoulder (of something)
meat from the top part of one of the front legs of an animal that has four legs 前腿连肩肉 - [countable] shoulder (of something)
a part of something, such as a bottle or mountain, that is like a shoulder in shape 山肩；瓶肩 - [countable] (North American English)
an area of ground at the side of a road where vehicles can stop in an emergency 路肩（公路两侧供车辆紧急停靠的地带）
part of body身体部位
-shouldered肩膀…
clothing衣服
meat肉
of mountain/bottle, etc.山、瓶子等
side of road公路边
Word OriginOld English sculdor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter.
Idioms
be/stand head and shoulders above somebody/something
to be much better than other people or things 比其他人（或事物）好得多；出类拔萃；鹤立鸡群 His performance stood head and shoulders above the rest. 他的表演远远超过其他人。
be looking over your shoulder
to be anxious and have the feeling that somebody is going to do something unpleasant or harmful to you 惴惴不安；小心提防
give somebody the cold shoulder
- (informal)
to treat somebody in a way that is not friendly 冷漠对待；使受到冷遇
have a chip on your shoulder (about something)
- (informal)
to be sensitive about something that happened in the past and become easily offended if it is mentioned because you think that you were treated unfairly （因受过委屈而变得）敏感，好生气 He has a real chip on his shoulder about being adopted. 他对被收养一事非常不满。
have a good head on your shoulders
to be a sensible person 头脑清醒；理智
(have) an old head on young shoulders
used to describe a young person who acts in a more sensible way than you would expect for a person of their age 年轻老练；少年老成
on somebody’s shoulders
if blame, guilt, etc. is on somebody’s shoulders, they must take responsibility for it 由某人承担 Stop trying to put the blame on somebody else’s shoulders. 别想把责任推到别人身上。
put your shoulder to the wheel
to start working very hard at a particular task 着手大干起来；全力以赴 Everyone is going to have to put their shoulder to the wheel. 每个人都必须全力以赴。
rub shoulders with somebody
(North American English also rub elbows with somebody)
to meet and spend time with a famous person, socially or as part of your job 与某名人接触（或交往） He’s rubbing shoulders with stars all the time. 他一直在和明星们交往。 She had been rubbing elbows with celebrities. 她一直与名人交往。
a shoulder to cry on
used to describe a person who listens to your problems and gives you sympathy 倾诉的对象 He was a fatherly shoulder to cry on when things went wrong. 当出现问题时，他是一个像父亲一样可以倾诉的人。
shoulder to shoulder (with somebody)
physically close to somebody 肩并肩地；紧挨着 The large crowd stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands. 一大群人肩并肩站在看台上。 The route of the procession was lined with police officers standing shoulder to shoulder. 游行所经道路两边都是肩并肩站立的警察。
as one group that has the same aims, opinions, etc. 并肩；齐心协力
straight from the shoulder
if you say something straight from the shoulder, you are being very honest and direct, even if what you are saying is critical 坦诚；直言不讳