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IELTS BNC: 1282 COCA: 1666
conclusion noun
⇨ conclusion (reach the conclusion that…) ⇨ end (In conclusion…) ⇨ a foregone conclusion ⇨ certainty conclusion

noun

  ➡ See also the entry for speculation 另見speculation條conclusion ♦︎ finding ♦︎ judgment ♦︎ ruling ♦︎ verdict ♦︎ inference ♦︎ deductionThese are all words for sth that you decide or know is true after considering all the facts of a situation. 這些詞均表示思考後得出的結論、推論。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a conclusion / findings / a judgment / a ruling / an inference / a deduction about sth◆a judgment / ruling / verdict against / in favour of / on sb / sth◆the conclusion / finding / judgment / ruling / verdict / inference / deduction that...◆a / the general conclusion / finding / verdict / inference / deduction◆a / the correct / wrong conclusion / verdict / inference◆a logical / reasonable / valid conclusion / inference / deduction◆the final conclusion / judgment / ruling / verdict◆reach a conclusion / judgment / verdict◆make a judgment / a finding / a ruling / an inference / a deduction◆to give judgment / a ruling / a verdict◆to challenge sb's findings / a ruling / a verdict◆to base your conclusion / findings / judgment / ruling / verdict on sth■ conclusion kənˈkluːʒn [countable] something that you decide is true after you have considered all the facts relating to a particular situation 結論；推論◆We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.從討論中我們可以有把握地得出一些結論。◆I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.我斷定他不適合做這項工作。◆Don't jump to conclusions (= do not decide that sth is true without knowing the facts).别匆忙下結論。■ finding [countable, usually plural] information that is discovered as the result of research into sth 調查發現；調研結果◆These findings suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.這些調研結果表明失業和犯罪之間沒有直接聯系。◆The findings are based on interviews with more than 2 000 people.調查結果是基於對2 000多人的訪談得出的。ⓘ In formal or legal English a finding is also a decision made by the judge or jury in court. 在正式或法律用語中，finding還指法官或陪審團的裁決◆The facts of this case do not justify a finding of negligence.本案的事實不足以得出犯有過失的裁決。   see also find ⇨ find 1 ■ judgment ( judgement) [countable, uncountable] the decision of a court or judge 判決；裁決◆They are hoping for a judgment in their favour from the European Court of Justice.他們期待着歐洲法院作出有利他們的裁決。◆The court has yet to pass judgment (= to say what its decision is) in this case.此案還有待法庭判決。ⓘ The usual spelling of this word in most of its meanings is judgement in British English and judgment in American English. However, in legal contexts judgment is preferred in both British and American English. 該詞大多數義項的拼法在英式英語中通常爲judgement，在美式英語中通常爲judgment。不過，在法律用語中，英式和美式英語均傾向拼寫作judgment。   see also judge ⇨ judge verb 2 ■ ruling [countable] an official decision made by sb in a position of authority, especially a judge （尤指法官作出的）裁決，裁定，判決◆The court will make its ruling on the case next week.法庭下周將對本案作出裁決。  see also rule ⇨ rule verb 2 ■ verdict [countable] a decision that is made by a jury in court, stating if sb is considered guilty of a crime or not; a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about sth, after you have tested it or considered it carefully （陪審團的）裁定，裁決；（經檢驗或認真考慮後的）決定，結論，意見◆The jury returned a verdict (= gave a verdict) of not guilty.陪審團作出了無罪裁決。◆The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.驗屍官得出了意外死亡的結論。◆The panel will give their verdict on the latest video releases.專家組將就最近發行的錄像提出他們的意見。NOTE 辨析 Finding, judgment, ruling or verdict?These are all words that can be used for a decision made in court. Finding is the most formal and is usually used in the phrase a finding of negligence/murder/unfair dismissal, etc., when a court has decided the nature of a crime or offence that has been committed; finding is much more frequent in its non-legal sense of research findings. Judgment and ruling are more general words, used especially to talk about decisions made when a complaint or dispute has been taken to court for a decision. Judgment emphasizes that the decision is made by a court, whether by a judge or jury; ruling emphasizes that the decision is made by a person in authority, often (but not always) a judge, but not by a jury. 這些詞均可指法庭作出的裁決。finding最正式，用於法院已經確定所犯罪行或違法行爲的性質，通常用於短語a finding of negligence/murder/unfair dismissal（過失／謀殺／無理解僱的裁決）等；finding更常用於非法律用語中，如research findings。judgment和ruling含義更廣，尤指投訴或糾紛提交法庭後所得的裁定。judgment強調決定是由法庭作出，不管是法官或陪審團；ruling強調決定是有職權的人作出的，常爲（但不總是）法官，而非由陪審團作出◆The judgment of the jury cannot be overturned.陪審團的裁決不可推翻。◆the ruling of the jury A verdict is the decision made by a jury in criminal cases about whether the person accused of the crime is guilty or not guilty. Verdict is also used to talk about the decision of a coroner at an inquest (= an official investigation to find out the cause of sb's death). * verdict是陪審團對刑事案件中被指控犯罪的人是否有罪的判決，亦指驗屍官的驗屍結果。 ■ inference ˈɪnfərəns [countable, uncountable] something that you can find out indirectly from what you already know; the act or process of forming an opinion based on what you already know 推斷的結果；結論；推斷；推理◆What inferences can we draw from this data?我們從這個數據中能推斷出什麽？◆If he is guilty then, by inference, so is his partner (= it is logical to think so, from the same evidence).如果他有罪，那麽由此可以推斷他的合夥人也同樣有罪。■ deduction dɪˈdʌkʃn [uncountable, countable] the process of using the information that you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem 演繹；推論；推理◆He arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction.他通過一番簡單的推理得出了解決問題的方法。◆If my deductions are correct, I can tell you who the murderer is.如果我的推論正確，我可以告訴你誰是兇手。NOTE 辨析 Inference or deduction?An inference is slightly more uncertain than a deduction: it is sth that is probably true, given what you already know. A deduction is sth that, logically, has to be true, if the facts you have are correct. Making an inference is usually more complicated than making a deduction. * inference的確定性比deduction略低，指由已知情況推斷某事可能爲真。deduction指如果掌握的事實無誤的話，從邏輯上推斷某事必然如此。inference的推理過程通常比deduction更複雜◆He arrived at the solution by a simple process of inference.

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