- [countable, usually plural] sanction (against somebody)
an official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country, in order to make it do something, such as obeying international law 制裁 Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement. 凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。 The economic sanctions have been lifted. 经济制裁业已取消。
Collocations International relationsInternational relations 国际关系 Trade 贸易 - facilitate/regulate trade (with other countries)
促进／规范（与其他国家的）贸易 - form/join a trading bloc
建立／加入贸易同盟 - live in/compete in a global/the world economy
生存于全球／世界经济中；参与全球／世界经济竞争 - support/promote free trade
支持／促进自由贸易 - adopt/call for/oppose protectionist measures
采取／呼吁／反对保护主义措施 - erect/impose/reduce/remove trade barriers
设置／推行／减少／消除贸易壁垒 - impose/lift/raise/eliminate import tariffs (on something)
征收／取消／提高／废除（某物的）进口关税 - have/run a huge/large/growing trade surplus/deficit
有巨额／持续增长的贸易顺差／逆差 - embrace/resist/drive globalization
接受／抵制／推进全球化
Politics and law 政治与法律 - conduct/handle/talk about/discuss foreign policy
执行／掌控／谈论／讨论外交政策 - pursue an aggressive/a hawkish foreign policy
执行强硬的外交政策 - require/use/conduct diplomacy
需要／使用／实施外交手段 - establish/break off/sever/restore diplomatic relations
建立／中断／断绝／恢复外交关系 - foster/promote/strengthen regional cooperation
促进地区间合作 - facilitate/achieve economic/political integration
促进／实现经济／政治一体化 - exercise/defend/protect/transfer/restore/regain national/state/full/limited sovereignty
行使／维护／保护／移交／恢复／重获民族／国家／全部／部分主权 - consolidate/extend/lose/retain your power (in the region)
巩固／扩张／丧失／保持（区域内的）势力 - hold/maintain/change/alter/shift/be a shift in the balance of power (in the region)
维持／改变（区域内的）势力均衡 - cause/create/open/expose/heal/repair a deep/growing/major/serious rift between X and Y
导致／造成／引发／暴露出／弥合／修复 X 与 Y 之间深层次的／不断扩大的／主要的／严重的分歧
Meetings and agreements 会议与协议 - have/hold/host/attend an international conference/an economic forum/a G20 summit
召开／举行／主办／出席国际会议／经济论坛／二十国集团峰会 - launch a new round of global/multilateral/world trade negotiations
发起新一轮的全球／多边／世界贸易谈判 - send/head/lead/meet a high-level/an official/a trade delegation
派遣／领导／带领／会见高层／官方／贸易代表团 - begin/start/continue/resume peace talks
开始／继续／重启和平谈判 - be committed to/be opposed to/disrupt/undermine/derail/sabotage the peace process
致力于／反对／扰乱／损害／干扰／破坏和平进程 - negotiate/achieve a lasting political settlement
达成／取得长期的政治协议 - broker/sign a peace deal/agreement/treaty
协商／签署和平协议
Conflict 冲突 - be/constitute/pose a threat to global security
构成对全球安全的一大威胁 - compromise/endanger/protect national security
损害／危及／保护国家安全 - justify/be in favour of/ (US English) be in favor of/be against military intervention
证明军事干预合理；支持／反对军事干预 - threaten/authorize/launch/take/support/oppose unilateral/pre-emptive military action
扬言采取／授权使用／发起／采取／支持／反对单边的／先发制人的军事行动 - impose/enforce/lift/end economic sanctions/an arms embargo/a naval blockade
强制实行／解除经济制裁／武器禁运／海上封锁 - close/protect/secure/patrol the border
封锁／保卫边境；在边境地区巡逻 - lead/be involved in a peacekeeping operation
领导／参与维和行动
Aid 援助 - negotiate/announce a $15 billion aid package/an economic stimulus package
达成／宣布 150 亿美元的一套援助计划／刺激经济的一揽子计划 - send/provide/request/cut off military aid
派遣／提供／请求／中断军事援助 - bring/provide emergency/humanitarian relief
带来／提供紧急／人道主义救助 - deliver/distribute medical supplies/(British English) food parcels/(North American English)food packages
- fund/run a foreign/a local/an international NGO
资助／管理外国／当地／国际非政府组织 - reduce/eradicate child/global/world poverty
减少／根除儿童／全球性／世界性贫困
Extra ExamplesSome companies have broken sanctions by supplying arms to the warring states. 有些公司违反制裁规定向交战国提供武器。 The UN called for sanctions against the invading country. 联合国要求对侵略国进行制裁。 The company is in breach of a sanctions order. 该公司违反了制裁令。 There were calls for the imposition of sanctions. 有人呼吁实施制裁。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- economic
- financial
- military
- …
- apply
- enforce
- impose
- …
- sanction against
- sanction for
- the imposition of sanctions
- the lifting of sanctions
- a threat of sanctions
- …
- [uncountable] (formal)
official permission or approval for an action or a change （正式）许可，批准 These changes will require the sanction of the court. 这些变更须经法院认可。 Their ideas received official sanction at the meeting. 他们的想法在会上得到正式认可。
Extra ExamplesTopics Law and justicec2No decision can be taken without the sanction of the committee. 未经委员会的许可，不得作出任何决定。 The conference gave its official sanction to the change of policy. 大会正式批准了政策的改变。 The movement was first given official sanction in the 1960s. 该运动于 20 世纪 60 年代首次获得了官方首肯。 No parliamentary sanction is needed for the Treasury to borrow money. 财政部借钱不需要议会的批准。 Such a step could not be taken without his sanction. 没有他的批准，不能采取这样的步骤。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- government
- official
- divine
- …
- give something
- with somebody/something’s sanction
- without somebody/something’s sanction
- [countable] sanction (against something)
a course of action that can be used, if necessary, to make people obey a law or behave in a particular way 制裁；约束；处罚 The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant. 最严厉的处罚将是关闭这家餐馆。 We now have an effective sanction against the killing of whales. 我们现在对捕杀鲸鱼有了有效的制裁。
Extra ExamplesTopics Crime and punishmentc1The school will use all available sanctions to maintain discipline. 学校将采用任何可用的处罚手段来维持纪律。 There were strict sanctions against absenteeism. 旷工会受到严厉处分。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- economic
- financial
- military
- …
- apply
- enforce
- impose
- …
- sanction against
- sanction for
- the imposition of sanctions
- the lifting of sanctions
- a threat of sanctions
- …
Word Originlate Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree): from French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire ‘ratify’. The verb dates from the late 18th cent.