- (formal)
(of a person )人 difficult to control; behaving badly 难以驾驭的;行为乖戾的 - (
medical )医学 (of a disease or medical condition )疾病或身体状况 difficult to treat or cure 难以诊治的;难以治愈的
Word Originearly 17th cent.: alteration of obsolete refractary, from Latin refractarius ‘stubborn’ (see also refract).