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pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc.) 文学；文学作品 English/American/French literature 英国/美国/法国文学 children's literature 儿童文学 great works of literature 文学巨著 For most people, the desire to study literature begins with a love of reading. 对于大多数人来说，学习文学的欲望始于对阅读的热爱。
Collocations LiteratureTopics Literature and writingb1Literature 文学 Being a writer 当作家 - write/publish literature/poetry/fiction/a book/a story/a poem/a novel/a review/an autobiography
写／发表文学作品／诗集／小说／书／故事／诗歌／长篇小说／评论／自传 - become a writer/novelist/playwright
成为作家／小说家／剧作家 - find/have a publisher/an agent
找到／有出版商／代理人 - have a new book out
出版一部新书 - edit/revise/proofread a book/text/manuscript
编辑／修订／校对书／文章／原稿 - dedicate a book/poem to…
把一本书／一首诗献给…
Plot, character and atmosphere 情节、人物和氛围 - construct/create/weave/weave something into a complex narrative
构思／创作／编写／把某事编成一部复杂的叙事小说 - advance/drive the plot
推进故事情节的发展 - introduce/present the protagonist/a character
介绍主人公／一个人物 - describe/depict/portray a character (as…)/(somebody as) a hero/villain
描述人物／英雄／坏蛋；把一个人物描绘成…；把某人描绘成英雄／坏蛋 - create an exciting/a tense atmosphere
营造一种令人兴奋／紧张的气氛 - build/heighten the suspense/tension
制造／增加悬念／紧张气氛 - evoke/capture the pathos of the situation
唤起对这种状况的同情 - convey emotion/an idea/an impression/a sense of…
传达…情感／思想；给人…印象／感觉 - engage the reader
吸引读者 - seize/capture/grip the (reader’s) imagination
抓住（读者的）想象力 - arouse/elicit emotion/sympathy (in the reader)
唤起（读者的）情感／同情 - lack imagination/emotion/structure/rhythm
缺乏想象力／情感／精心组织／节奏感
Language, style and imagery 语言、风格和形象语言 - use/employ language/imagery/humour/(US English) humor/an image/a symbol/a metaphor/a device
使用语言／形象语言／幽默／意象／象征／暗喻／手段 - use/adopt/develop a style/technique
使用／采用／形成一种风格／技巧 - be rich in/be full of symbolism
富含象征意义 - evoke images of…/a sense of…/a feeling of…
唤起…的形象／感觉 - create/achieve an effect
创造／取得效果 - maintain/lighten the tone
维持／缓和基调 - introduce/develop an idea/a theme
引入／发展一种思想／一个主题 - inspire a novel/a poet/somebody’s work/somebody’s imagination
促成小说的创作；给诗人以灵感；促成某人作品的诞生；激发某人的想象力
Reading and criticism 阅读与评论 - read an author/somebody’s work/fiction/poetry/a text/a poem/a novel/a chapter/a passage
读一个作家的作品／某人的著作／小说／诗集／一篇文章／一首诗／一部小说／一个章节／一段文章 - review a book/a novel/somebody’s work
评论一本书／一部小说／某人的作品 - give something/get/have/receive a good/bad review
给予／得到好评／恶评 - be hailed (as)/be recognized as a masterpiece
被誉为一部杰作 - quote a(n) phrase/line/stanza/passage/author
引用一个短语／一行诗／一节诗／一段文章／作者的话 - provoke/spark discussion/criticism
引发讨论／评论 - study/interpret/understand a text/passage
研读／解读／理解一篇文章／一段文章 - translate somebody’s work/a text/a passage/a novel/a poem
翻译某人的作品／一篇文章／一段文章／一部小说／一首诗
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- classical
- contemporary
- modern
- …
- piece
- work
- read
- study
- teach
- …
pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject （某学科的）文献，著作，资料 sales literature 推销商品的宣传资料 - literature on something
a review of the scientific literature on the topic 关于这一主题的科学文献综述 I've read all the available literature on keeping rabbits. 我阅读了我能找到的关于养兔的全部资料。 - literature about something
I picked up some literature about pensions. 我偶然得到一些关于退休金的资料。 Chapter 1 reviews the literature and discusses the main types of sources available. 第1章回顾了文献，并讨论了可用的主要来源类型。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- extensive
- vast
- voluminous
- …
- body
- literature about
- literature concerning
- literature on
- …
Word Originlate Middle English (in the sense ‘knowledge of books’): via French from Latin litteratura, from littera ‘letter of the alphabet’, (plural) ‘epistle, literature, culture’.