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IELTS BNC: 2144 COCA: 2723

spokesman

noun
 
/ˈspəʊksmən/
/ˈspəʊksmən/
(plural spokesmen
/ˈspəʊksmən/
/ˈspəʊksmən/
)
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  1. a person who speaks for a group or an organization发言人：代表团体或组织发言的人
    • a police spokesman警方发言人
    • a spokesman on Northern Ireland北爱尔兰问题发言人
    • spokesman for somebody/something a spokesman for the government政府发言人
    More About gendergenderWays of talking about men and women表示男女的说法
    • When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not.说写英语时，重要的是用词要把男女都包括在内，否则可能会冒犯某些人。
    The human race人类
    • Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people.man 和 mankind 传统上用以指所有男性和女性，不过，现在许多人喜欢用 humanity、the human race、human beings 或 people。
    Jobs职业
    • The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host (although actress and hostess are still very common), or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress.
    • Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both British English and North American English.
    • When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/​woman: My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor.我的女儿喜欢让女医生看病。They have a male nanny for their kids.他们有个男保姆照料孩子。a female racing driver女赛车手
    Pronouns代词
    • He used to be considered to cover both men and women: he 过去被认为既指男性也指女性：Everyone needs to feel he is loved.人人都需要有被爱的感觉。 This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used: Does everybody know what they want?人人都知道自己需要什么吗？Somebody’s left their coat here.有人把外衣落在这儿了。I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.希望没人忘了随身带上护照。
    • Some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her in speech and writing: 有人在口语和书面语中喜欢用 he or she、his or her 或 him or her：Everyone knows what’s best for him- or herself.人人都知道对自己来说什么是最好的。 He/​she or (s)he can also be used in writing: If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/​she can give you more information.如有疑问请向你的医生咨询，他／她会给你更多的信息。 (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. Instead of saying: A baby cries when he or she is tired婴儿累了就会哭 you can say Babies cry when they are tired.婴儿疲倦时会哭。
    Topics Politicsb2, Jobsb2
    Word Originearly 16th cent.: formed irregularly from ‘spoke’ (past of speak), on the pattern of words such as craftsman.
IELTS BNC: 2144 COCA: 2723
IELTS BNC: 2144 COCA: 2723
spokesman

noun

spokesman/spokeswoman/spokesperson ♦︎ representative ♦︎ delegate ♦︎ diplomat ♦︎ ambassador ♦︎ messenger ♦︎ envoy ♦︎ consulThese are all words for a person who speaks or acts on behalf of a group or organization. 这些词均表示团体或机构的发言人、代表。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a spokesman, etc. / a representative / a delegate / an ambassador / a messenger / a consul for sb / sth◆a spokesman, etc. / a representative / a delegate / a diplomat / an ambassador / a messenger / an envoy from sb / sth◆a delegate / an ambassador / a messenger / an envoy to sb / sth◆a / an government / official spokesman, etc. / representative / delegate / envoy◆a party / trade union / UN spokesman, etc. / representative / delegate◆a special representative / ambassador / messenger / envoy◆to send a spokesman, etc. / a representative / a delegate / an ambassador / a messenger / an envoy◆to appoint a spokesman, etc. / a representative / a delegate / an ambassador / an envoy / a consul◆to elect a spokesman, etc. / a representative / a delegate◆a representative / a delegate / a diplomat / an ambassador attends sth■ spokesman ■ spokeswoman ■ spokesperson [countable] a person who speaks on behalf of a group or organization （团体或机构的）发言人◆A police spokesman delivered the news to the crowd outside the hospital.一个警方发言人在医院外面向群众发布了这个消息。◆A spokeswoman for the government denied the rumours.一名政府女发言人否认了那些传闻。ⓘ Spokesman is still the most frequent of these words. However, many people feel that it is important to use language that includes both men and women, and some people may be offended if you do not. Use spokesperson if you do not know whether it is a man or a woman, or to show that it is not important if it is a man or a woman. * spokesman仍然是这几个词中最常用的词。不过，许多人觉得有必要使用把男性和女性都包括在内的用语，否则有些人会生气。如果不知道发言人的性别，或者为了表明发言人的性别并不重要，就用spokesperson◆A spokesperson for the band confirmed that a national tour is planned for 2009.该乐队一个发言人证实，乐队计划于2009年举行全国巡回演出。 ■ representative ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv [countable] a person who has been chosen to speak or vote for sb else or on behalf of a group; a person chosen to take the place of sb else 代表；代表他人者◆I was voted student representative for my class.我当选为班级学生代表。◆He was the Queen's representative at the ceremony.他代表女王出席了那次庆典。  see also representative ⇨ salesman ■ delegate ˈdelɪgət [countable] a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote on their behalf at a meeting 代表；会议代表◆The conference was attended by delegates from 56 countries.此次会议有来自56个国家的代表出席。NOTE 辨析 Delegate or representative? Representative is a more general word than delegate. A delegate is always sb who represents their group or organization at a meeting. * representative比delegate含义更广，delegate总是指代表团体或机构出席会议的人。■ diplomat ˈdɪpləmæt a government official whose job is to represent his or her country in a foreign country, for example an ambassador 外交官◆He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯担任外交官。■ ambassador æmˈbæsədə(r) [countable] a government official who lives in a foreign country as the senior representative there of his or her own country 大使；使节◆The British Ambassador to Italy has been contacted.已经与英国驻意大利大使取得联系。■ messenger [countable] a person who gives a message to sb or who delivers messages to people as a job 信使；送信人；通信员；邮递员◆Don't blame me for the bad news－I'm just the messenger.可别怪我带来这个坏消息－我不过是送信的。◆A motorcycle messenger arrived with a large parcel.一个骑摩托车的邮递员带来一个大邮包。■ envoy ˈenvɔɪ [countable] a person who represents a government or organization and is sent as a messenger to talk to other governments and organizations 使者；使节；（谈判等的）代表◆A UN peace envoy is to be sent to the region as the warring parties hold ceasefire talks.交战各方举行停火谈判时，一名联合国和平大使将被派往该地区。■ consul ˈkɒnsl; NAmE ˈkɑːnsla government official who is the representative of his or her country in a foreign city 领事◆She's the British consul in Miami.她是英国驻迈阿密领事。
IELTS BNC: 2144 COCA: 2723
spokesman
Group members and describing group members: academician, alumnus, arriviste...

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