harshness

noun

/ˈhɑːʃnəs/

/ˈhɑːrʃnəs/

[uncountable]

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the fact of being cruel, severe and unkind严酷：残酷、严厉和不友善
- The staff have been treated with undue harshness.工作人员受到了不应有的严厉对待。
the fact in weather or living conditions of being very difficult and unpleasant to live in恶劣：在天气或生活条件下，生活非常困难和不愉快
- the harshness of life on the streets街头生活的艰苦
the fact of being too strong and bright; the fact of being ugly or unpleasant to look at刺眼：过于坚强和聪明的事实；丑陋或不讨人喜欢
- The harshness of the Queensland sun was of concern to the visitors.昆士兰州严酷的阳光令游客们担忧。
the fact of being unpleasant to listen to刺耳：不好听
- The engine is designed for reduced noise, vibration and harshness.该发动机旨在降低噪音、振动和粗糙度。
the fact of being too strong and rough and likely to damage something苛刻：太强、太粗糙并可能损坏某物
- The tobacco industry adds flavours to relieve the harshness of the smoke.烟草业添加香料来减轻烟雾的刺激性。

TOEFL BNC: 18654 COCA: 20513