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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627

rough

adjective
 
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
(comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
Idioms
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    not smooth不平滑

  1.  
     having a surface that is not even or regular粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的
    • rough ground高低不平的地面
    • The skin on her hands was hard and rough.她手上的皮肤粗糙且没有弹性。
    • Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。
    opposite smooth
    Extra Examples
    • The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.这款车是专为在崎岖地面上行驶而设计的。
    • It has a slightly rough texture.质地略粗糙。
    2.

    not exact不确切

  2.  
     not exact; not including all details不确切的；粗略的；大致的 synonym approximate
    • a rough calculation/estimate of the cost对成本的粗略计算／估计
    • I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.我大致知道我想去哪里了。
    • There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess.那里约计有 20 人。
    • a rough draft of a speech讲话草稿
    • a rough sketch草图
    Extra Examples
    • It's only a very rough guide.这只是一个非常粗略的指南。
    • We only had his rather rough version of events.我们只有他对事件的粗略描述。
    • He gave us a rough estimate of how much the work would cost.他给了我们这项工作的大概费用。
    • I made a rough sketch of the inside of the church.我画了一幅教堂内部环境的草图。
    3.

    violent粗暴

  3.  
     not gentle or careful; violent粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的
    • This watch is not designed for rough treatment.这块手表不可猛烈震动。
    • They complained of rough handling by the guards.他们投诉警卫对他们动粗。
    • She doesn't like playing with the rough kids.她不喜欢和粗野的孩子一起玩耍。
    • Don't try any rough stuff with me!别想对我撒野！
    • Things got a bit rough, and the police were called.事情变得有点棘手，于是报警了。
    • You don't have to be so rough!你不用这么粗暴！
    • One carer was sacked for being rough with a patient. 一名护工因虐待病人而被解雇。
  4.  
    where there is a lot of violence or crime犯罪盛行的；充斥暴力的；危险的
    • the roughest neighbourhood in the city市内最危险的街区
    • He had been brought up in a rough area of London. 他在伦敦的一个艰苦地区长大。
    Wordfinder
    Topics Buildingsb2

    5. sea/weather

  5.  
     having large and dangerous waves; wild and with storms汹涌的；风浪很大的
    • It was too rough to sail that night.那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。
    • We had a rough passage across to the island.我们艰难地穿过去了那个岛。
    • They set sail in rough conditions.他们冒着风浪的危险起航了。
    • There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.他在这样恶劣的天气无法游上岸。
    • There were rough seas in the area at that time.当时该地区有波涛汹涌的大海。
    Topics Transport by waterb2

    6. difficult困难

  6. difficult and unpleasant艰难的；艰苦的 synonym tough
    • He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems).他最近真是困难重重。
    • We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work).我们会找个人来干这重活。
    • You two are obviously going through a rough patch right now.你们两个显然正在经历一段艰难的时期。
    Extra Examples
    • You had to stand in the train all night?—That's a bit rough.你不得不在火车上站一整夜？——有点粗糙。
    • Life was rough on the streets.流浪街头的生活很艰难。
    7.

    not well不舒服

  7. (British English) not feeling well不舒服的；不适的
    • You look rough—are you OK?你看上去不太舒服，你没事吧？
    • I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well).我一夜没睡好觉。
    • I'm still feeling a bit rough.我仍然觉得有点不舒服。
    8.

    plain/basic简单；基本

  8. simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic粗糙的；不够精细的；朴实简单的
    • rough wooden tables粗糙的木桌
    • a rough track凹凸不平的小径
    • (British English) rough paper for making notes on做笔记的草稿纸
    9.

    not smooth不平滑

  9. not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc.味道差的；涩的；刺耳的；令人难受的
    • a rough wine/voice口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音
    Extra Examples
    • Her voice was rough with emotion.她的声音因激动而沙哑。
    • ‘I suppose you expect me to apologize for this,’ he said in a rough voice.“我想你是要我为这事道歉吧。”他阴阳怪气地说道。
    10. Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
have a rough/an easy ride | give somebody a rough/an easy ride
  1. (informal) to experience/not experience difficulties when you are doing something; to make things difficult/easy for somebody（使）举步维艰（或一帆风顺）
    • He will be given a rough ride at the party conference.在党员大会上他会很难过这一关。
    • The new teacher was given a rough ride by the class.这个班的学生让新老师吃尽苦头。
have a rough ride | give somebody a rough ride
  1. (informal) to experience difficulties when you are doing something; to make things difficult for somebody（使）举步维艰（或一帆风顺）
    • He will be given a rough ride at the party conference.在党员大会上他会很难过这一关。
a rough deal
  1. the fact of being treated unfairly不公平的待遇
(have some) rough edges | be rough around the edges
  1. (to have some) small parts, for example in a performance or in your character, that are not yet as good as they should be瑕疵；美中不足之处
    • The ballet still had some rough edges.这段芭蕾舞还有不足之处。
    • He had a few rough edges knocked off at school.他在学校改掉了一些坏毛病。
    • The films are very rough around the edges.这些电影的边缘非常粗糙。
the rough end of the pineapple
  1. (Australian English, informal) a situation in which somebody is treated badly or unfairly受到不良（或不公平）对待的处境

rough

noun
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
 Idioms
jump to other results

    in golf高尔夫球

  1. the rough
     [singular] the part of a golf course where the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball（高尔夫球场的）长草区
    • His second shot ended up in the rough.他的第二枪以失败告终。
    compare fairwayTopics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2

    2. drawing/design绘画；设计

  2. [countable] (specialist) the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail草稿；草图
    • Only the best of the roughs are shown to the editor.只有最好的草稿才能拿给编辑看。
    3.

    violent person暴徒

  3. [countable] (old-fashioned, informal) a violent person暴徒；粗野的人
    • a gang of roughs一帮暴徒
    4. Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
a bit of rough
  1. (British English, slang) a person of a low social class who has a sexual relationship with somebody of a higher class（与社会地位较高者有性关系的）草根情人
in rough
  1. (especially British English) if you write or draw something in rough, you make a first version of it, not worrying too much about mistakes or details粗略地；大致上
    • Write it out in rough first then copy it neatly into your notebook.先把它粗略地写出来，然后整齐地抄在你的笔记本上。
take the rough with the smooth
  1. to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen in life as well as the good things好事坏事都接受；既能享乐也能吃苦

rough

verb
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they rough
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
he / she / it roughs
/rʌfs/
/rʌfs/
past simple roughed
/rʌft/
/rʌft/
past participle roughed
/rʌft/
/rʌft/
-ing form roughing
/ˈrʌfɪŋ/
/ˈrʌfɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
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Idioms
rough it
  1. (informal) to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time暂时过艰苦的生活；渡过暂时的难关
    • We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two.我们可以睡在海滩上，我不介意吃一两夜的苦。
    Topics Holidaysc2

rough

adverb
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
Idioms
jump to other results
  1. using force or violence粗鲁地；粗野地
    • Do they always play this rough?他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？
    Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
live/sleep rough
  1. (British English) to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home and no money风餐露宿（通常因为无家可归或贫穷）
    • young people sleeping rough on the streets露宿街头的年轻人
    related noun rough sleeper
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough adj.
⇨ rough 1 (rough ground/edges) ⇨ rough 2 (rough seas/weather) ⇨ coarse (rough skin) ⇨ difficult 2 (Life is rough.) ⇨ hoarse (a rough voice) ⇨ vague (a rough estimate/sketch) ⇨ violent (rough kids/treatment)rough2

adjective

 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气  ➡ See also the entry for wet 2 另见wet条第2义rough ♦︎ violent ♦︎ stormy ♦︎ turbulent ♦︎ raging ♦︎ choppyThese words all describe weather or the sea when there is a strong wind or large waves. 这些词均表示风浪很大的、波涛汹涌的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达风浪大的程度
choppy➔rough➔violent
stormyraging
turbulent
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / raging / choppy sea◆rough / violent / stormy / turbulent / choppy conditions◆rough / stormy / turbulent / choppy waters◆rough / turbulent / choppy water◆rough / violent / stormy weather■ rough (of the sea) having large and dangerous waves; (of the weather, especially at sea) with strong winds and rain （海）波涛汹涌的；（天气，尤指海上天气）风浪很大的◆It was too rough to sail that night.那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。◆There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.他在这样恶劣的天气无法游上岸。 OPP calm ⇨ quiet 1 ■ violent (of the weather or the sea) very dangerous, with very strong winds and/or very large waves （天气或海）非常危险的，狂风大作的，波涛汹涌的◆The islands were hit by a violent cyclone.这些岛屿受到猛烈的旋风袭击。◆Members of the lifeboat crew were presented with bravery awards for launching in violent seas.为表彰救生艇船员冒着惊涛骇浪出航救人，向他们颁发了英勇奖。■ stormy with strong winds and heavy rain or snow 有暴风雨（或暴风雪）的◆She visited me one dark and stormy night in November.在11月里一个漆黑的暴风雨之夜，她来看我。■ turbulent ˈtɜːbjələnt; NAmE ˈtɜːrbjələnt [usually before noun](of air or water) changing direction suddenly and violently （气流或水流）汹涌的，猛烈的，湍动的◆The aircraft is designed to withstand turbulent conditions.这架飞机是为经受猛烈的气流而设计的。■ raging ˈreɪdʒɪŋ [only before noun](of natural forces such as wind, water and fire) very powerful （风、水、火等自然力）极其强大的，猛烈的◆The stream had become a raging torrent.小河变成了一条汹涌的急流。◆The building was now a raging inferno (= the fire was out of control).这座大楼现在正烈焰熊熊。■ choppy (of the sea or water) with a lot of small waves （海面或水面）波浪起伏的，不平静的◆The choppy waters caused some of the boats to capsize.波浪起伏的水面造成一些船只倾覆。rough1

adjective

 rough ground/edges 高低不平的地面；参差不齐的边缘rough seas/weather 波涛汹涌的海；狂风暴雨的天气rough ♦︎ rocky ♦︎ rugged ♦︎ uneven ♦︎ bumpy ♦︎ lumpy ♦︎ ruttedThese words all describe a surface or edge that is not level, smooth or flat. 这些词均表示表面或边缘粗糙的、不平滑的、不平坦的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rough / a rocky / an uneven / a bumpy surface◆a rough / an uneven / a bumpy / a rutted road◆rough / rocky / uneven / bumpy ground / terrain◆a rough / bumpy / rutted lane / track◆a rocky / rugged landscape / hill / mountain / peak / cliff / coast / coastline■ rough having a surface or edge that is not even or regular 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的◆The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.这款车是专为在崎岖地面上行驶而设计的。◆Trim any rough edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。 OPP smooth ⇨ flat adj. ■ rocky made of rock; full of rocks 岩石的；多岩石的◆This plant grows in rocky soil on exposed hillsides.这种植物生长在无遮蔽山坡上多石的土壤中。■ rugged ˈrʌgɪd (of landscape) not level or smooth and having rocks rather than plants or trees, especially in a way that is beautiful or romantic （地形）崎岖的，凹凸不平的，多岩石的（尤指使人感觉美丽或浪漫）◆They admired the rugged beauty of the coastline.他们对海岸线上岩石密布的美景赞叹不已。■ uneven ʌnˈiːvn (of a surface) not level, smooth or flat （表面）凹凸不平的，不光滑的，不平坦的◆She picked her way along the uneven path.她小心翼翼地走在不平整的小路上。◆The floor felt uneven under his feet.他觉得脚下的地板高低不平。■ bumpy (of a surface) not even; with a lot of bumps （平面）不平的；多凸块的◆She felt quite sick from the long drive over the bumpy road.在颠簸的路上长时间行驶让她感到很不舒服。ⓘ Bumpy is used especially to describe a piece of ground that you drive or cycle over. * bumpy尤用于修饰驾车或骑车经过的地面。■ lumpy full of lumps; covered in lumps 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的◆I lay sleepless on my lumpy mattress.躺在凸凹不平的床垫上我睡不着觉。ⓘ Lumpy is most frequently used to talk about mattresses (= that you lie on) and pillows (= that you rest your head on). * lumpy最常用于修饰床垫和枕头。■ rutted (of a road or path) with deep tracks that have been made by wheels （道路或小径）有车辙的◆The track was heavily rutted from the wheels of farm tractors.农用拖拉机的轮子在这条小路上碾出深深的车辙。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627

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