the act of doing or saying something deliberately in order to make somebody angry or upset; something that is done or said to cause this 挑衅；刺激；激怒 - under provocation
He reacted violently only under provocation. 只因为被激怒，他才暴力相向。 - without provocation
The terrorists can strike at any time without provocation. 恐怖分子可能无缘无故地随时攻击。 She bursts into tears at the slightest provocation. 稍一招惹，她就大哭起来。 So far the police have refused to respond to their provocations. 截至目前为止，警方并未对他们的挑衅作出反应。
Extra ExamplesTopics Opinion and argumentc2, Feelingsc2She attacked him without provocation. 她无缘无故地就攻击他。 The defendant was not acting under provocation. 被告并非是在被激怒的情况下做出此举动的。 The victim's conduct had involved an element of provocation. 受害者的行为有些挑衅的成分。 Words alone can constitute provocation. 言语本身就能构成挑衅。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- extreme
- deliberate
- element
- respond to
- constitute
- under provocation
- without provocation
- at the slightest provocation
Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French, from Latin provocatio(n-), from the verb provocare ‘challenge’, from pro- ‘forth’ + vocare ‘to call’.- under provocation
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noun
provocation
Causes: cause, catalyst, source...
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