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must

modal verb
 OPAL W
/məst/, strong form /mʌst/
/məst/, strong form /mʌst/
Verb Forms
must not
mustn't
/ˈmʌsnt/
/ˈmʌsnt/
Idioms
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  1.  
     used to say that something is necessary or very important (sometimes involving a rule or a law)（表示必要或很重要）必須
    • All visitors must report to reception.所有來賓必須到接待處報到。
    • Cars must not park in front of the entrance (= it is not allowed).車輛不得停在入口處。
    • (formal) I must ask you not to do that again.我得勸你别再那樣做了。
    • You mustn't say things like that.你千萬别說那樣的話。
    • I must go and get the kids from school.我必須去學校接孩子們。
    • I must admit (= I feel that I should admit) I was surprised it cost so little.我得承認，這麽便宜，真讓我驚訝。
    • (especially British English) Must you always question everything I say? (= it is annoying)我說什麽你都非要提出質疑嗎？
    • ‘Do we have to finish this today?’ ‘Yes, you must.’“我們今天一定得完成這工作嗎？” “對，必須完成。”
    Note that the negative for the last example is ‘No, you don't have to.’
    Express Yourself Asking about obligationAsking about obligation咨詢相關義務When you are unsure about what is expected of you in a situation, you can ask about obligations:不確定在某種情境下該做什麽時可以詢問應履行的義務：
      • What time do we have to be home?我們必須在什麽時候回到家？
      • Are we supposed to show our ID cards?我們需要出示身份證嗎？
      • Is it necessary to apply for a visa?有必要申請簽證嗎？
      • Is there a legal obligation to wear a bike helmet here?在這裏騎自行車有沒有法律規定要戴頭盔？
    Topics Permission and obligationa1
  2.  
     used to say that something is likely or logical（表示很可能或符合邏輯）一定
    • You must be hungry after all that walking.走了這麽遠的路，你一定餓了吧。
    • He must have known (= surely he knew) what she wanted.他一定早已知道她想要什麽了。
    • I'm sorry, she's not here. She must have left already (= that must be the explanation).抱歉，她不在這兒。準是走了。
    Grammar Point must / have (got) to / must not / don’t have tomust / have (got) to / must not / don’t have toNecessity and Obligation必要和義務
    • Must and have (got) to are used in the present to say that something is necessary or should be done. Have to is more common in North American English, especially in speech:
      • You must be home by 11 o’clock.你必須在 11 點之前回家。
      • I must wash the car tomorrow.我明天必須洗汽車。
      • I have to collect the children from school at 3 o’clock.我得在 3 點鐘到學校接孩子。
      • Nurses have to wear a uniform.護士必須穿制服。
    • In British English there is a difference between them. Must is used to talk about what the speaker or listener wants, and have (got) to about rules, laws and other people’s wishes:
      • I must finish this essay today. I’m going out tomorrow. 我今天一定要完成這篇論文，因爲我明天要出去。
      • I have to finish this essay today. We have to hand them in tomorrow. 我今天得完成這篇論文，因爲我們明天必須交。
    • There are no past or future forms of must. To talk about the past you use had to and has had to:must 無過去和將來形式。表示過去用 had to 或 has had to：
      • I had to wait half an hour for a bus我得等半小時的公共汽車。
      . Will have to is used to talk about the future, or have to if an arrangement has already been made:說將來的事用 will have to，如果已作好安排亦可用 have to：
      • We’ll have to borrow the money we need.我們需要的這筆錢只好去借了。
      • I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.我明天得去看牙醫。
    • Questions with have to are formed using do:帶有 have to 的疑問句由 do 構成：
      • Do the children have to wear a uniform?孩子們必須穿制服嗎？
      In negative sentences both must not and don’t have to are used, but with different meanings. Must not is used to tell somebody not to do something:在否定句中，用 must not 和 don't have to，但二者含義不同。must not 用於告訴某人不要做某事：
      • Passengers must not undo their seat belts until the signs have been switched off.在標志關閉之前，乘客不得解開安全帶。
      The short form mustn’t is used especially in British English:
      • You mustn’t leave the gate open.你一定不要讓大門敞開着。
      Don’t have to is used when it is not necessary to do something:表示沒有必要做某事用 don't have to：
      • You don’t have to pay for the tickets in advance.你不必預付票款。
      • She doesn’t have to work at weekends.她周末不用上班。
    note at needCertainty肯定
    • Both must and have to are used to say that you are certain about something. Have to is the usual verb used in North American English and this is becoming more frequent in British English in this meaning:
      • He has (got) to be the worst actor on TV!他無疑是最糟糕的電視演員！
      • (British English) This must be the most boring party I’ve ever been to.這無疑是我參加過的最無聊的聚會。
      If you are talking about the past, use must have:說過去的事用 must have：
      • Your trip must have been fun!你這次旅行一定很開心吧！
  3.  
     (especially British English) used to recommend that somebody does something because you think it is a good idea（提出建議）應該，得
    • You simply must read this book.這本書你可一定要看一看。
    • We must get together soon for lunch.我們得馬上集合去吃午飯。
    Grammar Point modal verbsmodal verbs
    • The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. Dare, need, have to and used to also share some of the features of modal verbs.can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would 均爲情態動詞。dare、need、have to 和 used to 亦具有情態動詞的某些特性。
    • Modal verbs have only one form. They have no -ing or -ed forms and do not add -s to the 3rd person singular form:情態動詞只有一種形式，沒有 -ing 或 -ed 形式，第三人稱單數也不加 -s：
      • He can speak three languages.他會說三種語言。
      • She will try and visit tomorrow.她明天將設法去參觀。
    • Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb without to. The exceptions are ought to, have to and used to:情態動詞後跟不帶 to 的動詞不定式，但 ought to、have to 和 used to 例外：
      • You must find a job.你必須找到一份工作。
      • You ought to stop smoking.你應當戒煙。
      • I used to smoke but I gave up two years ago.我過去抽煙，但兩年前就戒了。
    • Questions are formed without do/does in the present, or did in the past:疑問句現在時不用 do/does，過去時不用 did：
      • Can I invite Mary?我可以邀請瑪麗嗎？
      • Should I have invited Mary?我本該邀請瑪麗嗎？
    • Negative sentences are formed with not or the short form -n’t and do not use do/does or did.否定句用 not 或簡約式 -n't，不用 do/does 或 did。
    You will find more help with how to use modal verbs at the dictionary entries for each verb.情態動詞的不同用法可參考本詞典裏各情態動詞詞條。
    Topics Suggestions and adviceb1
    4. Word OriginOld English mōste, past tense of mōt ‘may’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch moeten and German müssen.
Idioms
if you must (do something)
  1. used to say that somebody may do something but you do not really want them to（表示雖不贊同但可允許）如果你一定要（那麽做）
    • ‘Can I smoke?’ ‘If you must.’“我可以抽煙嗎？” “好吧，如果你一定要抽的話。”
    • It's from my boyfriend, if you must know.倘使你一定要知道的話，這是我男朋友給的。
must-see/must-read/must-have, etc.
  1. used to tell people that something is so good or interesting that they should see, read, get it, etc.必看（或必讀、必備等）
    • Sydney is one of the world's must-see cities.悉尼是世界上的必遊城市之一。
    • The magazine is a must-read in the show business world.這份雜志是演藝界人士的必讀刊物。
    • This is on my must-do list.這是我的必做清單。
    • a must-have for any fan任何粉絲的必備單品
needs must (when the Devil drives)
  1. (saying) in certain situations it is necessary for you to do something that you do not like or enjoy（情勢所迫）只好如此；不得已而爲之

must

noun
/mʌst/
/mʌst/
[usually singular] (informal)
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  1. something that you must do, see, buy, etc.必須做（或看、買等）的事
    • His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.他的新作是所有犯罪小說愛好者的必讀書。
    • Trips to Pompeii and Naples are absolute musts.去龐貝和那不勒斯旅行是絕對必須的。
    Word OriginOld English mōste, past tense of mōt ‘may’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch moeten and German müssen.

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